Chapter+19


 * Chapter 19**

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Use **'//a'//** with nouns starting with a //**consonant** (letters that are not vowels), Examples:
 * INDEFINITE ARTICLE**
 * A / AN**
 * 'an'**// with nouns starting with a //**vowel**// (//a,e,i,o,u//)


 * A** boy
 * An** apple
 * A** car
 * An** orange
 * A** house
 * An** opera

> //**An elephant**// and //**a mouse**// fell in love. > Would you like //**a drink**//? > I've finally got //**a good job**//.
 * NOTE:**
 * An** before an //h// mute - **an** hour, **an** honour.
 * A** before //u// and //eu// when they sound like //'you':// //a// **eu**ropean, //a// **u**niversity, //a// **u**nit
 * The indefinite article is used:**
 * **to refer to something for the first time:**
 * **to refer to a particular member of a group or class**

Examples:

> John is //**a doctor**//. > Mary is training to be //**an engineer**//. > He wants to be //**a dancer**//. > John is //**an Englishman**//. > Kate is //**a Catholic**//. > Sherlock Holmes was playing //**a violin**// when the visitor arrived. > (**BUT** to describe the activity we say "He plays the violin.") > I was born on //**a Thursday**// After **as** the indefinite article is used: //Examples: Deze oude kerk wordt nu als wijkcentrum gebruikt- This old church is now used as **a** community centre. Men gaf hem £50,- als beloning. He was given £50,- as **a** reward.//  In the following cases the indefinite article is __**NOT**__ used after **as**: __When an occupation is held by one person at a time.__ //Example: As captain of the ship he was responsible for the crew.// The indefinite article is used after ‘with’ and ‘without’ Examples: //Ze kochten een huis met garage- They bought a house with **a** garage. Ze ging zonder jas naar buiten- She went out without **a** coat.//
 * **with names of jobs:**
 * **with nationalities and religions:**
 * **with musical instruments:**
 * **with names of days:**
 * 19.3 Use of indefinite article after ‘as’.**
 * 19.3 Use of indefinite article after ‘as’.**
 * 19.4 Use of indefinite article after ‘with’ and ‘without’**

The indefinite article is __**NOT**__ used before more than one word. //Examples: Een kamer met toilet en douche- a room with toilet and shower.// The indefinite article is used before ‘hundred’ and ‘thousand’. //Examples: honderd euro- **a** hundred euros duizend boeken- **a** thousand books.// The indefinite article can be used before Mr, Mrs, Ms and Miss. //Examples: Woont hier een zekere/ ene mevrouw Jones. Does **a** certain/**a**/ one Ms Jones live here.// //When no ‘title’ precedes, **a** cannot be used in this meaning: Examples: Een zekere Higings heeft gebeld- One/ a certain Higgins has phoned.// In a number of expressions English uses the indefinite article, while it is not used in Dutch. //Examples: Koorts hebben- have **a** fever Hoofdpijn hebben- have **a** headache. Wat jammer!- What **a** pity!//
 * 19.5 Use of indefinite article before ‘hundred’ and ‘thousand’**
 * 19.6 Indefinite article for Dutch ‘een zekere’**
 * 19.7 Indefinite article in a number of expressions**

__To see the whole list, page 19 in your book. __  In a few cases the indefinite article is used in Dutch while it is not used in English:
 * 19.8 Indefinite article in Dutch but not in English**

1, before __‘part of’__ //Examples: gedurende __een__ deel van de week- during part of the dag Dit is slechts __een__ deel van de waarheid- This is only part of the truth.// __Before ‘part of’ the indefinite article is usually left out __ 2, after __‘what’__ No indefinite article is used after __what__ before __non-count nouns__ and __plural nouns:__ //Examples: Wat __een__ mooie muziek!- What beautiful music! Wat __een__ onzin!- What nonsense! Wat __een__ mooie schilderijen- What beautiful paintings!//

__Exercise one__

My street is called "Hudson Street" and I live in .... old house - more than .... hundred years old! I am ..... English lecturer at ..... university near the centre of ..... town. I usually have .... long lunch break because I go without ..... coffee break in the mornings. I usually go home by .... car. Sometime, I go to ..... Polish restaurant in Bath with ..... friend or two . Paragraph 19.3 ** - After 'as' the indefinite article is used except when //an occupation is held by one person at a time //. (See §19.2)
 * Additional summary from 2009: 

- The indefinite article is used after //with // and //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">without //. - The indefinite article is NOT used after with/without //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">before more than one word: // A room with toilet and shower. A computer with 1GB hard disk, cd-rom drive and fax modem.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Paragraph 19.4 **

- The indefinite article is used before //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">hundred // and //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">thousand: a // hundred euros.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Paragraph 19.5 **

- The indefinite article can be used before Mr, Mrs, Ms and Miss: Does //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">a // / one / a certain Ms Jones live here? - When no title precedes, //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">a //CANNOT be used in this meaning: One / a certain Haggis has phoned.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Paragraph 19.6 **

- In a number of expressions English uses the indefinite article, while it is not used in Dutch: Wat jammer! - What //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">a **// pity! Iets geheim houden - to keep something //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">a **// secret. Belang stellen in - to take //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">an **// interest in Antwoord geven op - to give //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">an **// answer to
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Paragraph 19.7 **

- the words //**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">toothache, backache, stomachache, earache **// can be used either with or without the indefinite article in British English; American English uses the indefinite article with these words.

- in the following expressions Dutch has a //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">definite // article, while English has an //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">indefinite // article: Met //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">het // oog op een fusie - with //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">a // view to a merger //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">De // neiging hebben te - have //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">a // tendency to Wat doe je voor //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">de // kost? - what do you do for //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">a // living? voor //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">de // verandering - for //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">a // change

in a few cases the indefinite article is used in Dutch while it is not used in English: gedurende //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">een // deel van de dag/week - during part of the day/week dit is slechts //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">een // deel van de waarheid - this is only part of the truth //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">een // deel van de ricier was bevroren - part of the river was frozen over
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Paragraph 19.8 **
 * //__<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">before 'part of' __//**

//**__<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">after 'what' __**// no definite article is used 'what' before //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">non-count nouns // and //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">plural nouns //: wat //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">een // mooie muziek! - what beautiful music! wat //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">een // onzin! - what nonsense! wat //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">een // mooie schilderijen! - what beautiful paintings!


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Practise test __**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A. ** Put the words in the correct sentence and place the indefinite article when needed.

1. laptop - yesterday - bought - she. 2. Africa - they - journey - to - went - on. 3. cold - have - I. 4. phoned - weeks - two - ago - me - she. 5. staying - hotel - in - London - he - is - in. 6. employee - chosen - was - of - month - she - the. 7. storage place - room - used - now - as - this - is. 8. works - mechanic - as - he. 9. left - without - they - key. 10. hotelroom - the - toilet - shower - and - taken - with - is.

1. hour 2. house 3. union 4. apple 5. teacher
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">B. ** Put a or an infront of the following words:

1. She bought a laptop yesterday. 2. They went on a journey to Africa. 3. I have a cold. 4. She phoned me two weeks ago. 5. He is staying in a hotel in London. 6. She was chosen as employee of the month. 7. This room is now used as a storage place. 8. He works as a mechanic. 9. They left without a key. 10. The hotelroom with toilet and shower is taken.
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Key: __**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A. **

1. an hour 2. a house 3. a union 4. an apple 5. a teacher
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">B. **