Chapter+22


 * Chapter 22 **


 * The **** Adverb **


 * 22.1 The form of the adverb **

An adverb refers to a verb, an adjective, another adverb or a whole sentence. Examples: - She drove slowly à refers to a verb - He drove extremely slow à refers to another adverb - He was extremely slow à refers to an adjective - Fortunately, he drove slowly when he hit the wall à refers to a whole sentence

__ Adverb are derived from adjectives by means of the suffix **//-ly//** __ Slow - slowly Complete - completely

__ Adjectives end in **//-ic//** add **//-ally//** __ Drastic - drastically Tragic - tragically

Some adverb have the same form as adjectives. To know whether it is an adjective or an adverb it can only be concluded when you read the whole sentence. Examples: - He is a hard worker He works very hard - It was a fair game They played fair - I am an early riser I always get up early To see the whole list, look at page 241, chapter 22.


 * 22.2 Spelling changes before //__-ly__// **

a. final y changes into i gay - gaily summary - summarily

b. -ble becomes -bly sensible - sensibly able - ably capable - capably

c. - ue becomes -uly true - truly d. whole becomes wholly


 * 22.3 Adjectives that have no adverb **

The word //difficult// and //words ending in -ly// don’t get -ly when used as an adverb.

She read with difficulty She greeted me in a friendly way He always acts in a silly way


 * 22.4 Impossibly/not impossible **

__ The adverb ‘onmogelijk’ can be translated into two ways. __ - Not possibly (when it refers to a verb) - Impossibly (when it refers to an adjective of an adverb)

I could not possibly do that. (refers to do) He came at an impossibly late hour. (refers to late)


 * 22.5 Degrees of comparison of adverbs **

__ Normally adverbs form their degrees of comparison by means of //more// and //most.// __

Slowly - more slowly - most slowly Completely - more completely - most completely

__ Adverbs of one syllable and early take -er/-est __

Hard - harder Soon - sooner Early - earlier

//__ Often __//__ has two forms __

Often - more often - most often - oftener - oftenest

__ Irregular forms __

Badly - worse - worst Well - better - best Late - later - last Little - less - least Much - more - most

__ 1. Adjective or adverb? __
 * Exercises **

Betty is beautiful/beautifully Jim speaks Chinese fluent/fluently Sharon usually sings sad/sadly The eagle sees good/well He looks angry/angrily at me

__ 2. Derive adverbs from adjectives __ Gay slow Tragic complete Able high Difficult certain Early quiet Whole silly Fast dirty

__ 3. Degrees of comparison __ Beautifully Early Late Quick Quiet High Lonely unhappy

__ 1. Adjective or adverb? __
 * Answers **

Betty is **beautiful**/beautifully Jim speaks Chinese fluent/**fluently** Sharon usually sings sad/**sadly** The eagle sees good/**well** He looked angry/**angrily** at me

__ 2. Derive adverbs from adjectives __ Gay - gaily slow - slowly Tragic - tragically complete - completely Able - ably high - highly Difficult - with difficulty certain - certainly Early - early quiet - quietly Whole - wholly silly - in a silly way Fast - fast dirty - dirtily

__ 3. Degrees of comparison __ Beautifully - more beautifully - most beautifully Early - earlier - earliest Late - later- last Quickly - more quickly - most quickly Quietly - more quietly - most quietly High - higher - highest Lonely - more lonely - most lonely Often - more often - most often AND - oftener - oftenest unhappy - more unhappy - most unhappy AND unhappier - unhappiest

Tom Lehrer's LY song media type="custom" key="3581962"

media type="custom" key="3596812"